Desperate to escape Syria\u2019s terrors, Ammar Maarawi bolted. In early 2016, he paid smugglers and endured a dangerous sea crossing to Greece and an exhausting journey by train, bus and foot through Europe.<\/p>\n
Two years later, the 36-year-old is back home in Aleppo. He returned last summer \u2014 depressed, homesick and dreading another winter, he couldn\u2019t bear life in the German city of Suhl.<\/p>\n
Germany, he said, \u201cwas boring, boring, boring.\u201d<\/p>\n
Maarawi is among a small number of refugees who have come back to Syria from among the more than 5.4 million who fled their homeland since the civil war erupted in 2011. So far, they are just a trickle, numbering in the tens of thousands. The United Nations and host governments in Europe are not encouraging returns, saying the country is not safe.<\/p>\n
But the stream of returnees may grow over the coming year as stability returns to Syria and as hostility grows to refugees in host nations. The Russia- and Iran-backed military of President Bashar Assad has retaken almost all major cities, and the Islamic State group has been driven out of almost all the territory it once held.<\/p>\n
Motivations for going back are many. Simple homesickness is one. Many refugees have burned through whatever savings they have and either can\u2019t find or aren\u2019t allowed to work. Hundreds of thousands languish in camps in the neighbor countries. Those who make it to Europe often get assistance, but some find the West doesn\u2019t hold the opportunities they hoped \u2014 or they face discrimination or they feel alienated in a different culture with language barriers and harsh weather.<\/p>\n
Still, the reasons to remain in exile also weigh heavily. The calm in some parts of Syria relies on tenuous local truces. Fighting still rages in some areas, including between Assad and rebels in the northwest and other pockets. Many young men won\u2019t come back fearing they\u2019ll have to do their compulsory military service. Even in parts where fighting has stopped and seems unlikely to return for the moment, cities have suffered massive destruction. An estimate 6.1 million Syrians still in the country are displaced from their homes \u2014 so refugees are not the only ones waiting to go back.<\/p>\n
Figures on returnees are difficult to pin down. Syrian officials say they do not have exact numbers, adding that many come back through Lebanon and are not questioned if they were refugees or simply travelling Syrians. European countries and Turkey do not track whether Syrians leaving are returning home.<\/p>\n
The UNHCR has observed some 68,000 refugees who returned on their own from neighboring countries from January to October 2017, the most recent figures available, according to spokesman Andrej Mahecic. He said the number of returnees is dwarfed by those remaining in Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Europe, and those still leaving Syria.<\/p>\n
Turkey, home to 3.5 million Syrian refugees, seized a pocket of territory in northwest Syria along the countries\u2019 shared border last year. Since then, some 130,000 Syrians from that area have returned.<\/p>\n
From Jordan, home to 650,000 refugees, only around 8,000 Syrians returned home in all of 2017, according to UNHCR figures. Most went soon after a local truce was reached in part of southern Syria in July, then the numbers tapered off later in the year. In Lebanon, the UNHCR said last month that the number of registered refugees dropped to below one million for the first time since 2014. Some had resettled in third countries or had died, but a few thousand returned home.<\/p>\n
Not all are going back because they are ready.<\/p>\n
One woman, Umm Wissam, told The Associated Press she returned to Syria in August after six years in Jordan. Her husband was deported several months earlier \u2014 one of around 2,300 deported by Jordan in 2017. He had been working in construction in Jordan and without his income, Umm Wissam and the couple\u2019s five children couldn\u2019t continue to live there. The family is from Aleppo, but the cost of living there has forced them to settle in the southern Syrian city of Daraa.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe situation here, unfortunately, is no water, no electricity, no work. Our situation is very tiring, I swear to God,\u201d she wrote on WhatsApp.<\/p>\n
Maarawi, meanwhile, is happy to be home. He sat behind a desk in his tire repair shop near Aleppo\u2019s main Saadallah al-Jabiri Square. The city is largely at peace now after government forces defeated rebels there in December 2016.<\/p>\n
Like many others, Maarawi embarked on an epic journey to reach safety in Europe. He left Syria in January 2016. From Turkey, he took one of the crowded, inflatable smugglers\u2019 boats to the Greek island of Lesbos \u2014 an especially hazardous trip, because he doesn\u2019t know how to swim. He made his way across Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia and Austria, enduring long train rides and walks through forests.<\/p>\n
In Germany, he began learning the language and training for work. The Germans provided food, clothes and a stipend, but, \u201cin the town where I was staying there was no life, there were few people, you suffer psychological pressure, depression, and it is cold,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
He lasted just a few months, returning in July.<\/p>\n
Adeeb Ayoub, a 13-year-old, took the sea trip to Greece with his uncle in 2015. \u201cI felt that the possibility of surviving the sea is bigger than surviving in Aleppo,\u201d said his father, Firas Ayoub.<\/p>\n
\u201cBefore, if you had given me Europe, America and all the continents of the world, I would not leave my country,\u201d said Firas, who owns a chocolate shop in central Aleppo. \u201cThe idea of leaving came when the war crushed everything. Can someone stay and live in a ball of fire? Wherever you go, it\u2019s fire, shells and rockets.\u201d<\/p>\n
The hope was that after the son was settled in Europe, his parents and three siblings would be allowed to join him. But that never worked out, so after two years his parents told him to return. In September, the boy arrived at Damascus airport, welcomed by his weeping mother.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt was an adventure,\u201d Adeeb said, sitting next to a diesel heater on a cold morning at his parents\u2019 apartment in western Aleppo.<\/p>\n
In the German town of Reinheim, he went to school and was a midfielder on the local soccer team. Now Adeeb plays for Aleppo\u2019s Itihad soccer team, one of the top teams in Syria.<\/p>\n
He says he wouldn\u2019t return to Europe if he had the chance.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis is our country,\u201d he said. \u201cIf we go to another country, to Germany, the people there are not like us.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Desperate to escape Syria\u2019s terrors, Ammar Maarawi bolted. In early 2016, he paid smugglers and endured a dangerous sea crossing to Greece and an exhausting journey by train, bus and foot through Europe. Two years later, the 36-year-old is back home in Aleppo. He returned last summer \u2014 depressed, homesick and dreading another winter, he […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7863],"tags":[32351,32352,15417,32353,11550],"class_list":["post-69642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english-section","tag-ammar-maarawi","tag-bashar-assad","tag-europe","tag-refugees","tag-syria"],"yoast_head":"\n