{"id":21838,"date":"2017-07-16T11:51:09","date_gmt":"2017-07-16T09:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838"},"modified":"2017-07-16T11:51:09","modified_gmt":"2017-07-16T09:51:09","slug":"des-secouristes-chez-les-fourmis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838","title":{"rendered":"Des secouristes chez les fourmis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-heading\">\n<div class=\"field field-name-field-article-papier-chapeau field-type-text-long field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p>Lors des combats contre les termites, les fourmis Matabele viennent au secours de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res bless\u00e9es. Sans doute plus par calcul que par compassion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"content-body\">\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p>Chez les fourmis africaines Matabele\u00a0<em>(Megaponera analis)\u00a0<\/em>, le secourisme est devenu une strat\u00e9gie indispensable \u00e0 la survie et au d\u00e9veloppement du nid. Un comportement unique chez les invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, dont la valeur pour l&#8217;ensemble de la colonie a \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/3\/4\/e1602187\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9tudi\u00e9e et quantifi\u00e9e<\/a>\u00a0pour la premi\u00e8re fois par une \u00e9quipe de l&#8217;universit\u00e9 de W\u00fcrtzburg, en Allemagne.<\/p>\n<p>Les fourmis Matabele sont connues pour les raids qu&#8217;elles m\u00e8nent contre les termites, dont elles se nourrissent. Plusieurs fois par jour, elles attaquent les termiti\u00e8res en colonnes de 200 \u00e0 500 individus. Or les termites ne se laissent pas massacrer sans rien faire : elles disposent d&#8217;une caste de termites soldats, qui fait des ravages dans les rangs des fourmis. Certaines meurent, d&#8217;autres sont s\u00e9v\u00e8rement bless\u00e9es. Ces derni\u00e8res appellent alors \u00e0 l&#8217;aide en \u00e9mettant deux compos\u00e9s chimiques identifi\u00e9s par Karl Eduard Linsenmair et son \u00e9quipe. Elles sont alors prises en charge par d&#8217;autres fourmis et ramen\u00e9es au nid.<\/p>\n<p>Pour conna\u00eetre l&#8217;influence de cette prise en charge sur la survie, les biologistes ont combin\u00e9 observations et exp\u00e9riences sur le terrain, dans le parc national de la Como\u00e9 en C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, et des exp\u00e9riences de laboratoire. Au total, 420 raids provenant de 52 colonies diff\u00e9rentes de fourmis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9s. Conclusion : sans aide de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res, les fourmis bless\u00e9es meurent dans 32 % des cas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00c9T\u00c9RANS AU COMBAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pour Erik Frank, coauteur de l&#8217;\u00e9tude, la d\u00e9couverte la plus surprenante est que\u00a0<em>\u00ab les fourmis concentrent ce comportement de secours sur des individus qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 bless\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9versible : elles ont par exemple perdu une patte au combat \u00bb.\u00a0<\/em>Quel est donc le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice retir\u00e9 par la colonie ?\u00a0<em>\u00ab Nous avons \u00e9tabli que ce comportement est tr\u00e8s important pour permettre \u00e0 la colonie de maintenir sa taille \u00bb,\u00a0<\/em>indique le sp\u00e9cialiste. En effet, un quart des fourmis partant chasser sont en fait des v\u00e9t\u00e9rans bless\u00e9s lors d&#8217;un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent raid. Puisque ces fourmis sont encore capables de se battre, cela \u00e9vite \u00e0 la colonie de devoir les remplacer par de nouveaux combattants en bonne sant\u00e9. Cette \u00e9conomie de moyens permet d&#8217;avoir des colonies 30 % plus importantes que si elles n&#8217;avaient pas adopt\u00e9 cette strat\u00e9gie de secourisme.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab C&#8217;est un travail tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant,\u00a0<\/em>pointe Laurent Keller, sp\u00e9cialiste des fourmis \u00e0 l&#8217;universit\u00e9 de Lausanne,\u00a0<em>car pour la premi\u00e8re fois, il est mis en \u00e9vidence l&#8217;existence d&#8217;une immunit\u00e9 gr\u00e9gaire, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire d&#8217;entraide entre les individus, qui sort du cadre de la d\u00e9fense contre les parasites ou les maladies. \u00bb\u00a0<\/em>Pour Erik Frank, cette \u00e9tude pourrait aider \u00e0 comprendre l&#8217;\u00e9volution d&#8217;autres types de comportement de secours, notamment chez les mammif\u00e8res.\u00a0<em>\u00ab Les humains, par exemple, chassaient aussi des proies dangereuses en groupe, et ils ont en partie d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l&#8217;empathie pour aider les camarades bless\u00e9s lors de batailles, probablement pour les m\u00eames raisons que ces fourmis. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>DEPLACE DU RECHERCHE<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lors des combats contre les termites, les fourmis Matabele viennent au secours de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res bless\u00e9es. Sans doute plus par calcul que par compassion. Chez les fourmis africaines Matabele\u00a0(Megaponera analis)\u00a0, le secourisme est devenu une strat\u00e9gie indispensable \u00e0 la survie et au d\u00e9veloppement du nid. Un comportement unique chez les invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, dont la valeur pour [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":21839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13400],"tags":[14198],"class_list":["post-21838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-section-francaise","tag-des-secouristes-chez-les-fourmis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lors des combats contre les termites, les fourmis Matabele viennent au secours de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res bless\u00e9es. Sans doute plus par calcul que par compassion. Chez les fourmis africaines Matabele\u00a0(Megaponera analis)\u00a0, le secourisme est devenu une strat\u00e9gie indispensable \u00e0 la survie et au d\u00e9veloppement du nid. Un comportement unique chez les invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, dont la valeur pour [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Elmowatnanews-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b2-654086708064692\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"761\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"993\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Remonda Emad\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Remonda Emad\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838\",\"name\":\"Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/a86fb5fdd2b295d937828c22acad3307\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png\",\"width\":761,\"height\":993,\"caption\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Des secouristes chez les fourmis\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\",\"description\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/a86fb5fdd2b295d937828c22acad3307\",\"name\":\"Remonda Emad\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/952303d7b9a0e00195fee6d8915af2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/952303d7b9a0e00195fee6d8915af2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Remonda Emad\"},\"url\":\"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?author=48\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","og_description":"Lors des combats contre les termites, les fourmis Matabele viennent au secours de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res bless\u00e9es. Sans doute plus par calcul que par compassion. Chez les fourmis africaines Matabele\u00a0(Megaponera analis)\u00a0, le secourisme est devenu une strat\u00e9gie indispensable \u00e0 la survie et au d\u00e9veloppement du nid. Un comportement unique chez les invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, dont la valeur pour [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838","og_site_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Elmowatnanews-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b2-654086708064692\/","article_published_time":"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":761,"height":993,"url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Remonda Emad","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"Remonda Emad","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838","url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838","name":"Des secouristes chez les fourmis | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png","datePublished":"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00","dateModified":"2017-07-16T09:51:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/a86fb5fdd2b295d937828c22acad3307"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-06-19-a\u0300-16.54.46.png","width":761,"height":993,"caption":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?p=21838#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Des secouristes chez les fourmis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#website","url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","description":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/a86fb5fdd2b295d937828c22acad3307","name":"Remonda Emad","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/952303d7b9a0e00195fee6d8915af2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"http:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/952303d7b9a0e00195fee6d8915af2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Remonda Emad"},"url":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/?author=48"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21838"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21840,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21838\/revisions\/21840"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/almowatna.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}